Unmanned Systems Technology 027 l Hummingbird XRP l Gimbals l UAVs insight l AUVSI report part 2 l O’Neill Power Systems NorEaster l Kratos Defense ATMA l Performance Monitoring l Kongsberg Maritime Sounder

88 Focus | Performance monitoring autonomous systems. The BMS collects deep analytic information such as state of charge, state of health (SoH) and warranty information, along with vehicle tracking. This monitoring requirement means the BMS is split in two: the battery management unit (BMU) and the system management unit (SMU). Each BMU can manage six to 18 cells in series, so the SMU coupled with the BMU can be scaled up to handle 720 cells. This allows the depth of charging to be fine-tuned at a cell level. The data system with the SMU and LG Chem cell takes 124 data points every 500 ms on the cell voltage, state of charge and SoH, shipping 1.8 million data points to the cloud. This is useful for error identification and battery diagnostics, and also creates a giant repository of battery data in the cloud. There can be the issue though of who owns this data – the BMS supplier, the battery supplier, the seller of the systems or the users? However, there is a potential conflict between the results of the model and the incoming diagnostic data that needs to be resolved. Using the data as part of the model leads to predictions about the system’s ongoing health. Conclusion There is a clear engineering trade- off in monitoring the performance of autonomous systems. Local processing of the data using embedded debugging traces and dedicated on-chip neural networks can provide a much faster response time to flag up any problems. On the other hand, sending data back to the cloud requires more sophisticated onboard systems for capturing and compressing the data, and transmitting it to central servers. Acknowledgements The author thanks Akhil Aryan at Ion Energy, David Pinta at UAV Navigation, Aileen Ryan and Hanan Moller at UltraSoC, and Mattieu Worm at Siemens for their help with researching this article. August/September 2019 | Unmanned Systems Technology FRANCE Ion Energy - www.ionenergy.co GERMANY Bosch Sensortec +49 7121 35 35900 www.bosch-sensortec.com Sensitec +49 6441 97880 www.sensitec.com JAPAN Renesas +86 10 8235 1155 www.renesas.com THE NETHERLANDS NXP +31 24 353 9111 www.nxp.com Xsens +31 88 97367 00 www.xsens.com SPAIN UAV Navigation +34 91 657 2723 www.uavnavigation.com SWITZERLAND Colibrys +41 58 100 5000 www.colibrys.com STMicroelectronics +41 22 929 29 29 www.st.com UK Reventec +44 1725 510321 www.reventec.com Sentronics +44 1725 513703 www.sentronics.com Siemens PLM +44 1276 413200 www.plm.automation.siemens.com UltraSoC +44 1223 422133 www.ultrasoc.com USA Analog Devices +1 781 329 4700 www.analog.com Flow Technology +1 480 240 3400 www.ftimeters.com Intermet Systems +1 616 285 7810 www.intermetsystems.com Maxim Integrated Products +1 408 601 1000 www.maximintegrated.com Max Machinery +1 707 433 2662 www.maxmachinery.com Memsic +1 978 738 0900 www.memsic.com Examples of performance monitoring technology suppliers